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Components of a Research Paper

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Here are the common sections found in a typical research paper in Conferences and Journal. It is not exaustive and can be different based on Subject, type of paper, etc. Title : concise, descriptive, and indicative of the paper's content. Abstract :  A brief summary of the entire research paper, usually around 150-250 words. provides a quick overview of the research question, methods, results, and conclusions. Keywords : A list of relevant terms or phrases that highlight the main topics covered in the paper.  helps in indexing and searching for the paper. Introduction : Presents the background and context of the research. States the research question or hypothesis. Describes the significance of the study. Provides an overview of the paper's structure. Literature Review : Surveys and reviews existing literature related to the research topic. Demonstrates the gap in knowledge that the current study aims to fill. Establishes the theoretical framework for the research. Methodology

Values from Mahabharata

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Values from Mahabharata Mahabharata, one of the two great epics of India, will remain apt to human even today. Although the Mahabharata mostly focuses on war, there are many life lessons and philosophies to be learned from it. Every character we meet in our life reflects some character of Mahabharata. Some as Krishna, some as Sakuni, some as Karna, everyone around us remembers some Mahabharata character. To that extent, Mahabharata plays an important role in our lives. In this part, we can see who are the characters who gave compelling life philosophies in Mahabharata. Krishna's advice to Arjuna, who hesitated to fight against his brothers before the start of the war, is celebrated and well reversed text by the people of the world as the Bhagavad Gita. What Krishna is saying is that sometimes one has to stand up to one's family to save dharma. Any war must first have a plan, going into war without a plan will only lead to failure. Krishna’s role in Mahabharata teaches us th

Data Preprocessing

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  DATA PREPROCESSING The objective of data pre-processing is to analyze, filter, transform, and encode data so that a machine learning algorithm can understand and work with the processed output. The phrase "garbage in, garbage out" is very much apt to data mining and machine learning projects. The presence of any unclean data like missing attributes, attribute values, containing noise or outliers, and duplicate or wrong data will degrade the quality of the ML results. So, It is important to manipulate or transform the raw data in a useful and efficient format before it is used in Machine learning to ensure or enhance performance. Important Libraries for Data Preprocessing: To do data preprocessing in Python, we need to import some predefined Python libraries. These libraries are used to perform some specific tasks. There are three specific libraries that we will use for data preprocessing. ·        Numpy : The Numpy Python library is used to include many kinds of mat

Git Commands

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 Hi all. Here are some Git commands that would be very useful

Tricky Programs

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  1.        Print “Hello” without using a ;(semi-colon) in c/c++   #include <stdio.h> int main(){    if(printf("Hello "))    return 0; }   2. To check if two numbers are equal without using arithmetic operators or comparison operators. The simplest solution for this is using Bitwise XOR operator (^). For two equal numbers XOR operator returns 0 as all bits would be same and XOR of equal bits is 0. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() {    int x = 10;    int y = 10;    if (!(x ^ y))       cout << " x is equal to y ";    else       cout << " x is not equal to y ";    return 0; }   3.        To check if the given number is even without using arithmetic or relational operators.   #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main(){    int a = 154;    if(a & 1) {       cout<<a<<" is an odd number";    } else{       cout<<a<

Simpson’s paradox

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  Simpson’s paradox An article in the British Medical Journal [“Comparison of treatment of renal calculi by operative surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy” (1986, Vol. 82, pp. 879–892)] provided the following discussion of success rates in kidney stone removals. Open surgery had a success rate of 78% (273/350) and a newer method, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PN), had a success rate of 83% (289/350). This newer method looked better, but the results changed when stone diameter was considered. For stones with diameters less than 2 centimeters, 93% (81/87) of cases of open surgery were successful compared with only 83% (234/270) of cases of PN. For stones greater than or equal to 2 centimeters, the success rates were 73% (192/263) and 69% (55/80) for open surgery and PN, respectively. Open surgery is better for both stone sizes, but less successful in total. In 1951, E. H. Simpson pointed out this apparent contradiction (known as Simpson’s par

Artificial Intelligence - An Overview by Dharaneish

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Hi all!! Here is a documentary-cum-newsletter done on AI by me. Artificial Intelligence - An Overview by  Dharaneish V C . It is about an basic overview about fundamentals, history, types, understanding of AI, ML, DL and it's applications, advantages, disadvantages, challenges and economic impact. It is intended for any beginner, high school student, UG from any field, literally anyone with no pre-requiste!!! Hope it will be useful to you. Feel free to add your sugesstions in comments.  

Counting and Combinatorics involved in DNA and Genomes

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DNA and Genomes: The hereditary information of a living organism is encoded using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or in certain viruses, ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA and RNA are extremely complex molecules, with different molecules interacting in a vast variety of ways to enable living process. Here in this post, I will brief about description of how DNA and RNA encode genetic information. DNA molecules consist of two strands consisting of blocks known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains subcomponents called bases, each of which is adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T). The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds connecting different bases, with A bonding only with T, and C bonding only with G. Unlike DNA, RNA is single stranded, with uracil (U) replacing thymine as a base. So, in DNA the possible base pairs are A-T and C-G, while in RNA they are A-U, and C-G. The DNA of a living creature consists of multiple pieces of DNA forming separate chromosomes.

Lessons from life of Great Indian Saint Swami Vivekananda

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Swami Vivekananda Swami Vivekananda Introduction: Swami Vivekananda born Narendranath Datta was an Indian Hindu monk, spiritual leader, and social reformer; who played a significant role in the growing Indian nationalism of the 19th and 20th centuries. He was born on 12 January 1863, in Kolkata and his birthday is observed as a national Youth day. He is the founder of Ramakrishna math and Mission in Calcutta, which is still working towards helping the poor and needy. He was a man of wisdom and a very simple human being. He is very excellent in his studies. He has got vast knowledge of different cultures. He always uses to travel to the Western world spreading Hindu philosophy and introducing Indian heritage, culture, and philosophy to the West. He is known for his golden thoughts. He once gave a brief speech representing India and Hinduism in Chicago at the Parliament of the World's Religion. His introductory speech, beginning with "Sisters and brothers of America", earne